HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the code that is used to
structure a web page and its content.
The component used to design the
structure of websites are called HTML tags.
First HTML File
index.html
It is the default name for a website's homepage
HTML Tag
A container for some content or other HTML tags
<p> This is a paragraph</p>
Basic HTML Page
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>hello world</p>
</body>
</html>
tells browser you are using HTML5
root of an html document
container for metadata
Page title
contains all data rendered by the browser
paragraph tag
Quick Points
Html tag is parent of head & body tag
Most of html elements have opening & closing tags
with content in between
Some tags have no content in between, eg - <br>
We can use inspect element/view page source to edit html
Comments in HTML
<!-- This is an HTML Comment -->
HTML is NOT case sensitive
<p> = <P>
<html> = <HTML>
<head> = <HEAD>
<body> = <BODY>
Basic HTML Tags
Attributes are used to add more information to the tag
HTML Attributes
<html lang="en">
Heading Tag
Used to display headings in HTML
h1 (most important)
h2
h3
h4
h5
h6 (least important)
Paragraph Tag
Used to add paragraphs in HTML
<p> This is a sample paragraph </p>
Anchor Tag
Used to add links to your page
<a href="https://google.com"> Google </a>
Image Tag
Used to add images to your page
<img src="/image.png" alt="Random Image">
relative url
Br Tag
Used to add next line(line breaks) to your page
<br>
Bold, Italic & Underline Tags
Used to highlight text in your page
<b> Bold </b>
<i> Italic </i>
<u> Underline </u>
Big & Small Tags
Used to display big & small text on your page
<big> Big </big>
<small> Small </small>
Hr Tag
Used to display a horizontal ruler, used to separate content
<hr>
Subscript & Superscript Tag
Used to display a horizontal ruler, used to separate content
<sub> subscript </sub>
<sup> superscript </sup>
Pre Tag
Used to display text as it is (without ignoring spaces & next line)
<pre> This
is a sample
text.
</pre>
Page Layout Techniques
using Semantic tags for layout
<header>
<main>
<footer>
Inside Main Tag
Section Tag
<section>
For a section on your page
Article Tag
<article>
For an article on your page
Aside Tag
<aside>
For content aside main content(ads)
Revisiting Anchor Tag
for new tab
<a href="https://google.com" target="_main"> Google </a>
clickable pic
<a href="https://google.com"> <img src="link"> </a>
Revisiting Image Tag
set height
set width
<img src="link" height=50px >
<img src="link" width=50px >
Div Tag
Div is a container used for other HTML elements
Block Element (takes full width)
List : Div Tags
<fieldset>
<figcaption>
<figure>
<footer>
<form>
<h1>to<h6>
<header>
<hr>
<li>
<main>
<nav>
<noscript>
<ol>
<p>
<pre>
<section>
<table>
<tfoot>
<ul>
<video>
Span Tag
Span is also a container used for other HTML elements
Inline Element (takes width as per size)
List : Span Tags
<a>
<abbr>
<acronym>
<b>
<bdo>
<big>
<br>
<button>
<cite>
<code>
<dfn>
<em>
<i> <img>
<input>
<kbd>
<label>
<map>
<object>
<tt>
<var>
<output>
<q>
<samp>
<script>
<select>
<small>
<span>
<strong>
<sub>
<sup>
<textarea>
<time>
List in HTML
Lists are used to represent real life list data.
unordered
<ul>
<li> Apple </li>
<li> Mango </li>
</ul>
ordered
<ol>
<li> Apple </li>
<li> Mango </li>
</ol>
Tables in HTML
Tables are used to represent real life table data.
<tr> used to display table row
<td> used to display table data
<th> used to display table header
Tables in HTML
<table>
<tr>
<th> Name </th>
<th> Roll No </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> AYZ </th>
<th> 1234 </th>
</tr>
</table>
Caption in Tables
<caption> Student Data </caption>
Name Roll No
AYZ 1234
thead & tbody in Tables
<thead> to wrap table head
<tbody> to wrap table body
colspan attribute
colspan="n"
used to create cells which spans over multiple columns
DATE
AYZ 1234
AYZ 1234
Form in HTML
Forms are used to collect data from the user
Eg- sign up/login/help requests/contact me
<form>form content</form>
Action in Form
Action attribute is used to define what action needs to be
performed when a form is submitted
<form action="/action.php" >
Form Element : Input
<input type="text" placeholder="Enter Name">
Label
<label for="id1">
<input type="radio" value="class X" name="class" id="id1">
</label>
<label for="id2">
<input type="radio" value="class X" name="class" id="id2">
</label>
Class & Id
<div id="id1" class="group1">
</div>
<div id="id2"> class="group1">
</div>
Checkbox
<label for="id1">
<input type="checkbox" value="class X" name="class" id="id1"></label>
<label for="id2">
</label>
Textarea
<textarea name="feedback" id="feedback" placeholder="Please add Feedback">
</textarea>
Select
<select name="city" id="city">
<option value="A"> City </option>
<option value="B"> City </option>
<option value="C"> City </option>
</select>
iframe Tag
website inside website
<iframe src="link"> Link </option>
Video Tag
<video src="myVid.mp4"> My Video </video>
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